Explanation Of The Colouring Click For Detailed Explanations
Names of Formations or Groups of Rocks and their average thickness in feet
A Crag Formation about 50 feet.	I Lower Oolite Formation about 400 feet.	P Wenlock & Dudley Rocks about 1,800 feet.
a Upper Marine Probably 100 to 200 feet.	J Lias Formation about 500 feet.	P Horderley & May Hill Rocks about 2,500 feet.
B Freshwater Formation about 150 feet.	K Red Sandstone Formation about 900 feet.	P Builth & Llandeilo Rocks about 1,200 feet.
C Lower Tertiary Formation Probably 400 to 500 feet.	L Magnesian Limestone Formation about 300 feet.	Q Clay Slate Probably 8,000 or 9,000 ft.
D Chalk Formation from 600 to 1000 feet.	M Coal Formation about 3000 feet.	qr Mica Slate Unknown.
E Greensand Formation about 300 feet.	m Millstone Grit & Limestone Shale 600-700 feet.	R Granite Unknown.
F Wealden Formation about 900 feet.	N Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone about 2,400 feet.	S Diallage Rock, Serpentine. Unknown.
G Upper Oolite Formation about 1000 feet.	O Old Red Sandstone Varies 100 to 10,000 feet.	T Greenstone Unknown.
H Middle or Coralline Oolite Formation about 600 feet.	P Ludlow Rocks near 2,000 feet.	U Basalt Unknown.
NOTE: Those portions of the various rocks which are known to be metalliferous, are shewn by a darker tint than the general colouring of the map. The strong colours indicate therefore, the position of the various Mining Districts of the Country.

The Map

Full Title:	A Geological Map Of England, Wales, And Part Of Scotland, Showing Also The Inland Navigation By Means Of Rivers And Canals, With Their Elevation In Feet Above The Sea, Together With The Rail Roads & Principal Roads, By J. & C. Walker.
Solander Case Title:	Geology Railroads &c. Of England & Wales.
Publisher:	J. & C. Walker, No. 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London.
Date:	c1836
Imprint:	Published according to Act of Parliament by J. & C. Walker, Decr 18th 1835, 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London.
Size:	100cm x 144cm (39½" x 56¾")
Scale:	1" : 9 Statute Miles
Extent:	Forfar, Scotland - Calais, France - Cornwall, England - Dublin, Ireland
Description:	Hand coloured map, dissected and mounted on linen. Folds down to 9¾" x 6¼". Imprint in bottom margin, trimmed, and largely unreadable. This edition probably a secondary state of this map, published c1836, which, despite being heavily re-engraved, still carries the original publication date of 18th December 1835 (see notes on dating below).
Dating - Notes On The Early Editions 1st State By J. Walker, C. Walker and J. A. Knipe (James Alexander Knipe, Geologist). Published 18th December 1835, 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London. Imprint: Published according to Act of Parliament by J. & C. Walker, Decr 18th 1835, 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London. 2nd State(s) Publication date not shown below title. Imprint: Published according to Act of Parliament by J. & C. Walker, Decr 18th 1835, 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London. Imprint date is the same as State 1, however, the re-engraving and subsequent re-issue of the map must have occurred in 1836 or early 1837. The reason for the omission of Knipe's name from the title is unknown. The map has been re-engraved with significant changes. It has been extended northwards to include Forfar, with inclusion of a 'Geological & Mineralogical Section From The St. George's Channel To The German Ocean' at the top right. The title has been removed from top left and engraved in the North Sea, east of Yorkshire. Of this map, a note in the 'Catalogue Of The Books, Manuscripts, Maps And Drawings In The British Museum (Natural History)', Vol. VII, Supplement J-O (London. Printed By Order Of The Trustees Of The British Museum. Issued 25th November, 1933.) records: "The plate was afterwards considerably altered and added to, so as to include part of Scotland, but Knipe's name was omitted and the date was left unaltered." Note that no fewer than 9 states of this map have been identified from the period 1835 to 1838 (Source: Weinreb & Douwma Catalogue 17: British Isles Part 1, No.147. Tony Campbell. 1977). The frequency of revision was presumably a result of the latest geological information reaching the capital from geologists working in the field. Walker did not update his imprint date during the 1836-37 period, but rather concentrated his efforts on frequently updating and improving the geological overlay information. As a result, there are numerous states of the map from these first few years. 3rd State Published 31st March 1837, 3 Burleigh Street, Strand, London. Imprint: Published according to Act of Parliament by J. & C. Walker, Mar 31st 1837, 3 Burleigh Street Strand, London. 4th State Published 15th December 1838, 9 Castle Street, Holborn, London. Imprint: Published according to Act of Parliament by J. & C. Walker, Decr 15th 1838, 9 Castle Street Holborn London.
Trimmed Imprint Lettering In Bottom Margin.

Notes From The Map

Note Top Centre

Note.
The Geology of the south of Scotland, has been taken from Dr. Macculloch's Map, the only authority now existing, but has received much subsequent correction from several Gentlemen resident in that part of the country. It is also necessary to observe that the Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Limestone, seem to be included by Dr. Macculloch in the Coal Series, & consequently these subdivisions do not appear, in that part of the Map containing the south of Scotland.


Note Above Map Title

Note: It is necessary to observe, that the thickness of the same Formation, varies much in different places, and with respect to many rocks, especially those lowest in the series, it can only be ascertained in an imperfect manner. The information given under this head must therefore be considered as approximate only. It may further be observed that the Oolitic Group, the Lias and New Red Sandstone, become much thinner, in proceeding from the Midland to the Southern Counties, and in Somersetshire their thickness is very inconsiderable.

The arrangement of the several Beds of Strata into Formations, with their Mineral Characters and Subdivisions, are taken principally from a recent Publication by John Phillips Esqr. Professor of Geology in King's College London.

The Elevations on the Canals are calculated from the low water mark at Liverpool and shewn in feet.

The progressive motion of the Sea caused by the ebbing and flowing of the tides, round the Coast of England and Wales is shewn by broad faint lines, the Roman figures attached, express the time of high water at new and full Moon in Greenwich time.

The Rivers as far as they are navigable are engraved with a double line, a small Anchor is placed to shew the spot more clearly.

The Numbers on the hills express the height in feet above the level of the Sea.


Note Bottom Left

The following note, and the information embodied in the Map, to which it refers, have been furnished to the Publishers by Mr. Frederick Burr, partly from original observation.

Metalliferous tracts of England and Wales.

Those portions of the various rocks which are known to be metalliferous, are shewn by a darker tint than the general colouring of the map.

The strong colours indicate therefore, the position of the various Mining Districts of the Country, and it will be observed that the mineral tracts, with few exceptions, are situated below the Coal Measures, and mostly on the line of junction of two contiguous rocks.

The annexed note will show the principal mineral produce of each of the great formations, and serve as a general index to the dark colouring of the Map.

Granite and Clay Slate, especially near their junction, produce Tin and Copper in great quantity, as near Redruth and St. Austle in Cornwall, Tavistock in Devonshire, &c.

Clay Slate, produces also Lead, Silver, Cobalt, Manganese, and other metals more sparingly, as in many parts of Cornwall and Devonshire.

The upper part of the Clay Slate series (or Greywacke Slate) produces Lead in considerable quantity, and sometimes very argentiferous, as near Aberystwyth in Cardiganshire, & other parts of Wales. It contains lead also in Shropshire and the Isle of Man, and sometimes Copper, as in the Isle of Anglesey, at Coniston and in the Lake district of Cumberland.

Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit, produce Lead generally argentiferous, in vast quantity, as in Derbyshire, Flintshire, Yorkshire, and the great Lead Mine district of Alston Moor and its vicinity. Sometimes Copper, as at Eaton in Staffordshire, and Iron, as at Ulverston in Lancashire.

All the preceding metalliferous deposits, occur chiefly in Veins or Fissures, having nearly an east and west direction. Lead sometimes in Beds of small extent, connected with Veins.

The Coal Measures, produce Iron in vast quantity, as in the great Iron districts of South Wales, Staffordshire, and Shropshire. Also in North Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, &c. The iron ore (clay ironstone) occurs only in Beds.

Magnesian Limestone, produces Lead, Zinc and some other metals in small quantity, as in Somersetshire.

The New Red Sandstone, produces no metallic ores of any importance, but contains important Beds of Rock Salt, and copious Brine Springs, as at Nantwich, Middlewich & Northwich in Cheshire, and Droitwich and Stoke Prior, in Worcestershire.

The metalliferous produce of the Ooolites (sic), Cretaceous and Supracretaceous Rocks, is very trivial and unimportant. The Lias produces Alum at Whitby in Yorkshire, and Iron pyrites are occasionally found in most of the superior rocks.

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